-There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect. . . . . . .
a - In direct speech we repeat the original speaker´s exact words:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . She said, "I have lost my book."
b - In indirect (or reported) speech we give the exact meaning of a speech, without necessarily using the speaker´s exact words:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . She said she had lost her book.
- There is no comma after "say" or other verbs in indirect speech and "that" is normally omitted.
- When we turn direct speech into indirect, some changes are usually necessary and they sometimes depend on the kind of speech: statements, questions, and commands. These are the ones we are going to study during this course, 4º ESO.

Direct speech	Indirect speech		Direct speech	Indirect speech
Simple present	Simple past		last week	the previous week
Simple past	Past perfect		a year ago	a year before
Present continuous	Past continuous		a year ago	the previous year
Present Perfect	Past perfect		now	then
Present perfect cont	Past perfect c.		here	there
Future	Conditional		this / these	that / those
Future continuous	Conditional c.		wish	wished
Conditional	Conditional		would rather	would rather
had better	advise+sj.ac+to		today	that day
may	might		must	had to
yesterday	the day before		can	could
will	would		shall	should / would
tonight	that night		I	he / she
next day	the following day		me	him / her
we	they		us	them